Shandong

Zichuan District

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The Zichuan District is one of eight divisions within the city of Zibo in the province of Shandong. It is a highly industrial area, the major industry being .

Zichuan is famous in this region for "Clothing City" and The Former Residence of Pu Songling. In Clothing City, one can bargain with a multitude of vendors for a low price on clothing.

Travel:

A bus ride to and from costs 3.5 yuan each way.

Zhoucun District

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Zhoucun district is a town and district of agricultural land inside Zibo city. Its main industry is textiles and furniture manufacture. The centre of the commercial district has a recently rebuilt and refurbished area with traditional buildings.

Zhangdian District

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Zhangdian is the central city district of Zibo city, Shandong, People's Republic of China.

It contains the administrative offices of Zibo central government, and has major and bus stations. The outer area is highly industrialized. The central area is a mixture of high rise office buildings, newly constructed condos, government offices and large shopping malls/plazas. The CBD is located around the the central park in Zhangdian.

Zhangdian, the central part of Zibo, is, compared to other parts of China, a relatively small city; however, like many other parts of China, there is a large amount of apartment building construction. If you can tell the value of the city by the value of the apartments, then an average apartment in Zichuan is about 1,000 RMB per square metre, whereas in Qingdao is about 6,000 RMB per square metre, and in Zhangdian it's between 2,000 to 3,000 per square metre, thus showing that it is beginning to feel the pressure of inflation.

As cities go, it's relatively safe, with a low crime rate - citizens walk alone in dark streets at night without fear, and the People's Park in the central part of the CBD is a popular place for walking, jogging and other forms of exercise and recreation.

Tourism

Zibo is still relatively new at opening up its borders to people - whereas a foreign tourist or worker wouldn't even get a side glance in Beijing or Shanghai, foreigners are stared at, pointed to and even waved at with the obligatory, "Hello" in passing.

There is a fair sized group of foreigners who work in Zhangdian, mainly either teachers or workers in foreign-based enterprises. Although there is currently no official 'foreigners club' per se, informal get togethers are common, and aid is always available to newcomers and tourists if needed - and, as finding English-speaking shopkeepers is an almost impossible task, it is often needed.

Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone

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Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone , is an economic development zone established in 1984 in Shandong Province, China. It is administratively under . It covers 16 km? and has a population of 115,000.

Industry

YEDA is the largest producer of automotive parts in China . Core industries at YEDA include industrial machinery, automobiles and parts, electronics, artificial fibers and textiles, and .

Thousand-Buddha Cliff

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The Thousand-Buddha Cliff is historical site of mostly Tang Dynasty rock carvings in central Shandong , China. Along a cliff face of 63 meters length over 210 statues and 43 inscriptions have been reported.

The Thousand-Buddha Cliff is located near Liubu Village, in Licheng County, under the administration of Jinan City, about 33 kilometers southeast of the city of Jinan proper. It stands immediately to the west of the site of the former Shentong Temple , which is now in ruins. The cliff is oriented in the north-south direction.

The first is said to have been carved into the cliff by a 70-year old monk named Sha Dong in the year 619 AD. After a hiatus of 25 years, two more Buddhist sculptures by another old monk named Ming De. Because Ming De felt his live was coming to an end at the time, he also donated money towards the carving of additional statues. However, in the year 657 AD he was still alive and carved more statues and inscriptions into the rock face. Because the official policy during the Tang Dynasty was to encourage conversion to Taoism, the carving of Buddhist statues implied a political risk. Hence, the inscriptions left by Sha Dong and Ming De point out that the sole purpose of the statues was prayer and not the expression of political opinions. Despite these difficulties, the work of carving the sculptures into the was continued by other Buddhist and eventually the Thousand-Buddha Cliff became the largest collection of Buddhist cliff statues in Shandong.

Besides the Buddhist sculptures, there are also secular statues depicting nobility such as relatives of the emperor, government officials, and famous monks. Among those are statues of Princess Nanping , the daughter of Emperor Taizong of Tang and her husband Liu Xuanyi.

References and external links

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Thousand Buddha Mountain

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The Thousand Buddha Mountain is a hill located southeast of the city of Jinan, the capital of Shandong , China. It is renowned for its numerous images which have been carved out of the hill's rock faces or free-standing structures erect since the times of the Sui Dynasty and its Xingguochan Temple.

Location

The Thousand Buddha Mountain is a small hill located about 2.5 kilometers southeast from the center of the city of Jinan 济南. The hill's ridge runs in east-west direction and the summit rises 285 meters above sea level and
slightly more than 200 meters from the hill's base. Since 1959, it has been a public park which also comprises ''Yellowstone Cliff'' to the south and ''Jueshan Mountain'' to the east and covers a total area of 1.66 square kilometers.

The Thousand Buddha Mountain Public Park is flanked by a cemetery honoring the fallen of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 on the east side, the Shandong Provincial Museum to the northeast, and the Jinan Botanical Garden on the west side.

Legend

According to a legend related in the ''Youyang Zazu'' by the Tang Dynasty writer Duan Chengshi , the Thousand Buddha Mountain was originally located by the sea and the sea god had locked it in place there by a large lock in order to prevent the god in charge of the mountains from moving it around. However, eventually the lock broke and the mountain was hurled through the air into its present position. An artwork shaped as a large lock and a piece of chain has been placed on the summit of the mountain as a reference to the legend.

History

Buddhism became popular in the Jinan area during the reign of
, the founder of the Sui Dynasty. With Buddhism, monks came to area and chiseled Buddha statues out of the flanks of the hill, which was originally called ''Miji Hill'' or ''Li Hill''. A temple, called the ''Thousand Buddha Temple'' was founded at the foot of the hill. Eventually, the hill was renamed after the temple into "Thousand Buddha Mountain". One of the old names, ''Li Hill'' , survives in the name of ''Lishan Road'', the major avenue which runs through Jinan towards the Thousand Buddha Mountain in north-south direction.

The ''Thousand-Buddha Cliff'' is located on the northern flank of the hill behind the Xingguochan Temple . The foot of the cliff is pierced by five caves, which are named : Longquan Cave, Jile Cave, Qianlou Cave, and Luzhu Cave. The caves' height ranges from 3 meters down to only 20 centimeters. About 130 Buddha statues which were carved into Thousand-Buddha Cliff during the Sui period remain today. The Jile Cave houses 16 Buddha statues, the tallest of which is 3 m high.

Along with the Buddha statues, temples and other buildings were erected on the hill. The most renown of these structures is the ''Xingguochan Temple'' which was originally build during the reign of of as an expansion of the Sui-Dynasty Qianfo Temple. Further enlargements were undertaken during the Song Dynasty, but the temple was destroyed by war afterwards. Rebuilding was undertaken in 1468, during the Ming Dynasty. The Guanying Hall, the Foye Hall, and the Thousand-Hands Buddha statue were added during the Qing Dynasty.

The temple is located about half-way up the hill and can be reached via 300 stone steps. A large inscription cut into the cliff face to the southwest of the identifies it as the "Number One Temple" . The temple's courtyards feature several stone tablets bearing inscriptions from renown calligraphers. In one of the temple's courtyards stands a sculpture of the legendary Emperor Shun, who is -- according to the local tradition -- credited with first ploughing the soil in Jinan as well as with inventing the writing brush. Because of its mythological association with Emperor Shun, the Thousand Buddha hill is also known as ''Shungeng Hill''. The main structure of the temple are: Grand Prayer Hall, Guanying Hall, Dharma Hall, Maitreya Hall, and the Buddhist Scripture building. Lishanyuan courtyard, to the east of the temple, is surrounded by sites of worship belonging to Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. The names of these buildings are: the Shun and the Luban Ancestral Temples, the Wenchang Cabinet, and the Yilan Kiosk. The temple has been the site of two annual temple fairs held on the 3rd day of the third month and 9th day of the 9th month of the Chinese Lunar Calendar since the times of the Yuan Dynasty. It was burned down in wars and rebuild during the Ming Dynasty. Other notable buildings on the hill are: the ''Pagoda Tree Pavilion'' , ''Cloud Passing Zen Temple'', and the ''Tanghuai Kiosk''.

Many of the statues on the Thousand Buddha Mountain were damaged or lost during the Cultural Revolution, but restoration started in 1979 already. Since then, many new statues have been added. The largest largest new statues are a 20 meter-tall sitting Maitreya Buddha completed in 2000 and lying Buddha with a swastika on his chest. The latter statue was carved out of granite in 1996, has a length of 10 meters and weighs approximately 50 tonnes.

The Thousand Buddha Mountain Public Park has been developed extensively for -- mostly local tourism -- by the creation of access roads and walking paths as well the addition of amusement park features such as a 600 meter-long chairlift, a summer slide down the hill, a kart racing track, and numerous souvenir stalls . A major tourist attraction is the ''Myriad Buddha Cave'' at the foot of the hill's northern slope. Inside the more than 500 meter-long artificial cave, late-20th-century recreations of Buddhist statues from four famous Chinese grottoes are on display. The original artworks were created during the , , and dynasties. According to the operators , around 28 000 Buddhist images are on display inside the cave, the biggest statue -- a lying Buddha -- is 28 meters long.

Shanwang

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The Shanwang National Geologic Park is located in Shandong Province, China, about 22 kilometres from Chengdong, Linqu county. It has an area of about 13 square kilometres. The Park is world famous for its fossil bearing diatomitic deposits, one of only a few such deposits in China. It is also well known for its volcanic topography.

The fossils are found in the Miocene Shanwang Formation diatomite beds and are approximately 17 million year old. They are noted for the prolific number of specimens found and the diversity of the species recovered, as well as the remarkable state of their preservation. The fine grained diatomite strata have led to exquisite preservation of external body features such as outlines of skin, hair, scales and feathers, rarely seen elsewhere in the world. Fossils have been found in a dozen categories, representing over 600 separate species. Animal fossils include insects, fish, spiders, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Insect fossils have clear, intact veins. Some have retained beautiful colors. Those studied to date include 11 orders, 46 families, 100 genera and 182 species. Fossil birds recovered at Shanwang are the most abundant and best-preserved found so far in China. Fossils of ancient deer and bear are among the best-preserved from this period of time found anywhere in the world. Plant fossils include moss, fern, gymnosperm, and angiosperm species. In addition to 100 species of algae, other plant species are from 46 families, 98 genera and 143 species. Their research holds an important position in the world study of paleoecology, paleoclimatology and the evolution of plants and animals. Chinese and foreign experts who study the Miocene recognize Shanwang as an "integrated paleontological laboratory" and a research resource of the highest value.

Shandong Luneng

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Shandong Luneng is a Chinese Super League club owned by Shandong Luneng Group, the biggest supplier of electric energy in Shandong province. They play at the Shandong Stadium in Jinan. The team's current coach is Ljubi?a Tumbakovi? who was extremely successful with Partizan Belgrade.

In the Asian Champions League 2005, Shandong managed to reach the quarter-finals after defeating the favorites Yokohama F. Marinos home and away but lost heavily to Saudi Arabian champions Al Ittihad, who were the eventual winners. In the second leg in Jeddah, Shandong lost 7-2 with coach Tumbakovic, players Zheng Zhi and Predrag Pazin sent off for abusive and violent conduct. In CSL 2005, Shandong was tipped to be champions but finished third.

Recently, much investment was put into the squad, including 2006 CSL top scorer Li Jinyu and 2006 MVP Zheng Zhi, who is about to return from a loan spell with Charlton Athletic in England. Talented and motivated young players include Cui Peng, Han Peng and Wang Yongpo. Finally, in CSL 2006, without ACL commitments, Shandong won the Cup and League double to get another shot at the ACL. The 2006 season was a landmark for Shandong Luneng after the team won the league by almost 20 points at one point and several matches remaining. They are known as big scorers.

In ACL 2007, Shandong will be looking to improve on their performances in 2005 when they reached the quarter-finals. Currently, they are on the verge of qualification with 13 points and one match remaining. They must not lose by more than one goal to Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma to avoid elimination by head to head, since both teams would be equal on goal difference and Shandong only defeated Seongnam by one goal in Jinan.

Shandong Luneng has ten straight wins in the ACL group stages from 2005 and 2007 seasons. The retirement of Li Xiaopeng and loaning out of Zheng Zhi has weakened Shandong's midfield and central defense, but Shandong is still a very strong team in Chinese football with flexibility in attack and good teamwork coached by Partizan great Tumbakovic. In recent seasons, they have currently replaced Dalian Shide as the powerhouse team. Some have compared the current Shandong team to the Manchester United team of the early 90's, as they comprise of young, talented players scoring many goals to pulverize opponents.

The club has a tradition to hire foreign coaches. Their first ever foreign coach was Kim Jung-Nam who managed Korea during 1986 World Cup. The club got their first league Champion in 1999 under ex-Yugoslavia head coach Slobodan Santra? and won the FA cup in the same year as well. After that they hired ex-USSR head coach Boris Ignatiev and ex-Cameroon head coach Valeriy Nepomnyashy. Ljubi?a Tumbakovi? has been managing the team since 2004.

Culture

The players from this club are traditionally to be physically strong.

The relationship between club and players are normally good.

The relationship with Chinese sports media are not very good. Chinese sports media like to denounce players from this club without any reasons.

History

1994-1997

The team was promoted to the top flight in 1994. During the first 4 years, the club has various financial troubles. They lost several talents such as Wang Dongning, Leng Bo in the year end transfer of 1994. In 1995, the team surprisingly won the FA cup in Nan Jing. They reach the cup final again in 1996, however, they lost to Beijing Guo'an at Beijing. The team stays at 5th or 6th position in the league all through the 4 years. Su Maozhen won the top scorer award in 1996 with 13 league goals.

The team used traditional British soccer style under Yin Tiesheng. The team had solid defense and excellent attacking duo Su Maozhen and Tang Xiaocheng. Xing Rui was the captain for these 4 years.

1998

Korean coach Kim Jung-Nam took over the team in early 1998. He dramatically changed the style of this team to an attacking style. New signing from Beijing Guo'an Deng Lejun had an excellent season. However, Kim's style didn't bring him success. He resigned later and Yin Tiesheng regained power. The team merely stayed in top flight.

1999-2000

Yugoslavian national teach coach Slobodan Santra? achieved immediately success in his first year in China. The keeper Sa?a Petrovi? was the key for their success in 1999. However, Slobodan Santra? was forced to resign in 2000. The youth team coach Doko Kokovic took over the team.

2001-2003

Miroslav Bla?evi? was linked with this club initially. However, with the step down of general manager Shao Kenan, Boris Ignatiev was picked by new general manager Dong Gang. Boris Ignatiev had two devastating group match in Asia Club Championship, by losing 2-6 to Júbilo Iwata and 0-6 to .

Another Russian coach Valeriy Nepomnyashy who achieved great success in 1990 world cup with took over the team in 2002. However, the team got all time low 12th position in 2003.

Recent Years

Ljubi?a Tumbakovi? has been head coach since 2004. He led the team with two FA cup title and one league champion title . Li Jinyu won the top league scorer award in 2006 and 2007. The team ranked top in 2008 as September 2008.

Kang Menjun worked as general manager since 2006.

Crest

Honours

*2006 - Chinese Super League Winners, Chinese FA Cup Winners
*2005 - China FA Cup Runners-up
*2004 - CSL Cup Winners, Chinese FA Cup Winners, Chinese Super League Runners-up
*1999 - League Champions, Chinese FA Cup Winners
*1995 - Chinese FA Cup Winners

Current squad

''As of 8 September, 2008''

Technical staff

Famous Players

* Alfredo Moreno
* Erik Yakhimovich
* Márcio Roberto dos Santos
* Predrag Pazin
* Rafael Mendoza
* Su Maozhen
* Gao Ming
* Li Xiaopeng
* Wang Liang
* Deng Xiaofei
* Zong Lei
* Zheng Zhi
* Nicolas Ouédec

* Nii Lamptey
* Igor Glu??evi?
* Casiano Delvalle
* Sergei Kiriakov
* Ionel D?nciulescu
* Darko Anic
* Branimir Petrovi?
* Vladimir Madijasevic
* Branko Bakovic
* Nikola Malbasa
* Zoran Campara
* Marinko Gali?
* Serguei Nagorniak
* Jose Herrera

List of Shandong managers

* Yin Tiesheng
* Kim Jung-Nam
* Slobodan Santra?

* Doko Kokovic
* Boris Ignatiev
* Valeriy Nepomnyashy

* Ljubi?a Tumbakovi?

Kit Sponsor

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Shandong Lions

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Shandong Jinsidun Lions or Shandong Lions or Shandong Jinsidun are a basketball team in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association, based in Jinan, Shandong with some home games played in Linyi. The word ''jinsidun'' is a Chinese transliteration of "Kingston", thus they are also known as the Shandong Kingston Lions.

In earlier seasons, they had been known as the Shandong Flaming Bulls , but changed their name at the start of the 2003–2004 season. At the same time they moved their home court from Jinan to Yantai and Dongying . For the following 2004–2005 season, they moved again to Taian, but moved back to Jinan for 2005–2006.

In the 2004–2005 season, the Shandong Lions finished in sixth place in the North Division, out of the playoffs. In 2005–2006 they finished fifth, again out of the playoffs.

Politics of Shandong

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The politics of Shandong Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Shandong is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Shandong. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Shandong Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Shandong CPC Party Chief".

List of the CPC Shandong Committee Secretaries

#Kang Sheng : 1949
#Fu Qiutao : 1949-1950
#Xiang Ming : 1950-1954
#Shu Tong : 1954-1960
#Zeng Xisheng : 1960-1961
#Tan Qilong : 1961-1967
#Wang Xiaoyu : 1969
#Yang Dezhi : 1971-1974
#Bai Rubing : 1974-1982
#Su Yiran : 1982-1985
#Liang Buting : 1985-1988
#Jiang Chunyun : 1988-1994
#Zhao Zhihao : 1994-1997
#Wu Guanzheng : 1997-2002
#Zhang Gaoli : 2002-2007
#Li Jianguo : 2007-2008
#Jiang Yikang : 2008-incumbent

List of Governors of Shandong

#Kang Sheng : 1949-1955
#Zhao Jianmin : 1955-1958
#Tan Qilong : 1958-1963
#Bai Rubing : 1963-1967
#Wang Xiaoyu : 1967-1969
#Yang Dezhi : 1971-1974
#Bai Rubing : 1974-1979
#Su Yiran : 1979-1982
#Liang Buting : 1982-1985
#Li Chang'an : 1985-1987
#Jiang Chunyun : 1987-1989
#Zhao Zhihao : 1989-1995
#Li Chunting : 1995-2001
#Zhang Gaoli : 2001-2003
#Han Yuqun : 2003-2007
#Jiang Daming : 2007-incumbent

List of Chairmen of Shandong People's Congress

#Zhao Lin : 1979-1983
#Qin Hezhen : 1983-1985
#Li Zhen : 1985-1996
#Zhao Zhihao : 1996-2002
#Han Xikai : 2002-2003
#Zhang Gaoli : 2003-incumbent

List of Chairmen of the CPPCC Shandong Committee

#Tan Qilong : 1955-1967
#Bai Rubing : 1977-1979
#Gao Keting : 1979-1983
#Li Zichao : 1983-1993
#Lu Maozeng : 1993-1998
#Han Xikai : 1998-2002
#Wu Aiying : 2002-2004
#Sun Shuyi : 2004-incumbent

Pingyuan (province)

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Pingyuan was a of the People's Republic of China between 1949 and 1952. Its capital was Xinxiang, now in Henan province.

The province was established on August 20, 1949, out of parts of the provinces of Hebei, Henan, and Shandong. It controlled six : Xinxiang, Puyang, Anyang, Heze, Huxi, Liaocheng; and two cities: Xinxiang and Anyang.

The province was abolished on November 15, 1952, and its territory was split into the provinces of Shandong and Henan.

Pearl Spring

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The Pearl Spring ( is a culturally significant karst spring located in the city of Jinan,
Shandong , China. The Pearl
Spring is located on the bottom of in a square spring pool that is
surrounded by a stone fence on all sides. The water flows off through
a canal into the Daming Lake. The spring was incorporated into the
garden of a governor in the year 1466 and the provincial government
continued to reside in vicinity of the spring until the 19th century
. The name of the
spring is said to be related to the bubbles forming in the spring .

Location

The Pearl Spring is located near the center of the old part of the
city of Jinan to the south of the Daming Lake. Its street address
is 1 Yuanqian Avenue, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Nanchen

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Nanchen is a small village in Sishui County, in the of Shandong. It has a population of about 2,000.

Nanchen is an important production base of pesticide- and fertilizer-free healthy cereals and vegetables.

This village, though small, has a cultural history dating back more than 3000 years. A Han Dynasty tomb, roughly 2 millennia old, was excavated in 1984, at the foot of the sacred Zhaoyang Hill. To the west of the village is the mausoleum of a Song Dynasty princess.

Muping District

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Muping District is a administered by the prefecture-level city of Yantai, Shandong , People's Republic of China.

List of prisons in Shandong

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This is a list of prisons within Shandong province of the People's Republic of China.

* Beishu Prison
* Chengwu Prison
* Dezhou Prison
* Gaomi Prison
* Heze Prison
* Ji'nan Prison
* Ji'ning Prison
* Jinxiang Prison
* Laiwu Prison
* Lanxi Prison
* Liaocheng Prison
* Lijin Prison
* Linqing Prison
* Linyi Prison
* Lunan Prison
* Luning Prison
* Luzhong Prison
* Ningyang Prison
* Provincial No. 1 Prison
* Provincial No. 4 Prison
* Provincial No. 7 Prison
* Provincial Women's Prison
* Qingdao Prison
* Qizhou Prison
* Rencheng Prison
* Renzhao Prison
* Tai'an Prison
* Tengzhou Prison
* Weibei Prison
* Weifang Prison
* Weihai Prison
* Weihu Prison
* Xintai Prison
* Yexian Prison
* Yidu Prison
* Yuncheng Prison
* Yunhe Prison
* Yishui Prison
* Zaozhuang Prison
* Zoucheng Prison

Online Version of the Source

List of laojiaos in Shandong

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This is a list of laojiaos within Shandong province of the People's Republic of China.
A laojiao is a labor camp.

*Dangjiazhuang Reeducation Through Labor - Ji'nan
*Daqiushan Reeducation Through Labor - Licheng County, Qingdao City
*Handan Reeducation Through Labor - Handan City
*Heze Reeducation Through Labor - Heze County
*Ji'nan Reeducation Through Labor - 24 Liuchangshan Rd., Ji'nan City
*Ji'ning Reeducation Through Labor - Ji'nang City
*Linyi Reeducation Through Labor - Linyi County
*Provincial No. 1 Reeducation Through Labor - SW of Wangcun Town, Zhoucun District, Zibo
*Provincial No. 1 Women's Reeducation Through Labor - 20 Jiangshuiquan Rd., Jinan City
*Provincial No. 2 Reeducation Through Labor - Basan Factory, Wangcun Town, Zhoucun, Zibo City
*Qingdao Reeducation Through Labor - 2 Shangyuan Rd., Licang District, Qingdao
*Shandong Provincial Zibo Wangcu Reeducation Through Labor - Wangcun District, Zibo City
*Weifang Reeducation Through Labor - Weifang City
*Zaozhuang Reeducation Through Labor - Zaozhuang City
*Zhangqiu Reeducation Through Labor - Guanzhuang Village, Zhangqiu City
*Zibo Reeducation Through Labor - Qiugucun, Boshan District, Zibo City

Online Version of the Source

List of administrative divisions of Shandong

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Shandong, a of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following :

* 17 prefecture-level divisions
** 15 ies
** 2 ies
* 140 county-level divisions
** 31 county-level cities
** 60
** 49 s
* 1931 township-level divisions
** 1194 s
** 276 s
** 1 ethnic township
** 460 subdistricts

All of these administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at political divisions of China. This chart lists all prefecture-level and county-level divisions of Shandong.

* Seat of government

Linzi District

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The Linzi district is part of Zibo, a prefecture-level city central Shandong , .

Linzi was the capital of ancient State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of Zhou Dynasty.

There are many petro-chemical refineries in this area, some which are located in hills to the south of the commercial district. The area also includes agricultural land.

Linzi is one of the highly developed industrial districts in north China with the highest GDP in Shandong Province.

Hua Hill

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Hua Hill , also known as Hua Fu Zhu Hill
, is a solitary cone-shaped hill in the lower Yellow River
valley, located at the northeastern edge of the city of Jinan,
Shandong , China. The hill is
known for its cultural and historical significance as well as for its
natural beauty. It has been an inspiration for Chinese artists for
many centuries and was the site of a major battle fought during the
Spring and Autumn Period.

Hill

Hua Hill is one of the solitary "Nine Hills" in the Yellow River
valley within and to the north of Jinan City; the other eight hills
are : Wozhu Hill
, Que Hill , Biao Hill
, Phoenix Hill
, Northern Maan Hill , Li Hill
, Kuang Hill , and Yao Hill .

The hill has an elevation of 197 meters above sea level; its
slopes are covered with large smooth rocks and bushy vegetation
growing in the clefts between them. The foot of the hill is flanked by
small villages on the eastern and western side. To the east and south,
the hill is also surrounded by a crescent-shaped row of ponds. A
flight of stone stairs has been laid up the southern flank of the hill
to the summit.

In the times before the Northern Song Dynasty, Hua Hill was
surrounded by a lake known as the "Magpie Hill Lake" , named for the nearby Magpie Hill. Since Hua Hill appeared
to float on the waters of the lake like the bud of a lotus flower
to contemporary observers, it was given its alternative name "Hua Fu
Zhu Shan" .

Historical significance

In the year 589 BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Hua Hill
became the site of the final action in the Battle of An which was
fought between the states of and . During the preparation for the battle, the Qi army used
the Northern Maan Hill
as a staging area. The Jin army had its positions right at Hua
Hill. The Qi army started the battle by attacking the Jin positions on
Hua Hill, but the battle ended in a victory for the State of
Jin. Eventually an alliance was formed between the two states.

During part of the 20th century, a small fortified army base was
located at the hill. Although the base has been abandoned, some
fortifications in the form of bunkers and tunnels at the foot of the
hill remain.

Cultural significance

The natural beauty of Hua Hill has inspired the works of both writers
and painters.

During the the period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the writer and
geographer Li Daoyuan, described Hua Hill in his ''"Commentary to the River Classic"'' : "Without a mountain range
to support it, the peak alone stands gracefully and loftily. Its
verdant cliff rises into the blue, tinting the moon with its green."
.

The poet Li Bai wrote about Hua
Hill: "Mountains and rivers are delicately beautiful; the
emerald-green hill is fresh like a lotus leaf." .

The best known pictorial depiction of Hua Hill is a painting from
the entitled ''"Autumn Colors at Que
and Hua Hills"'' by the painter and
Zhao Mengfu .

Various rock faces on the mountian slope have been adorned with
calligraphic inscriptions.

Temples

The Huayang Palace is a primarily Taoist temple located at the southern
foot of the hill on gently sloping terrain. Its founding during the
Jin Dynasty is attributed to Chen Zhiyuan, a
disciple of the Quanzhen Taoist Qiu Chuji, who in turn was the
foremost disciple of Wang Chongyang, the founder of Quanzhen
Taoism. The original purpose of the building was to serve as a
Taoist temple dedicated to the "Five Color Gods" representing east , west
, north ,
south , and center . Over time, the temple has also come to include sites of
worship for Buddhism and Confucianism.

In 1532, during the Ming Dynasty, the palace complex was renamed
into Chong Zheng Temple . The central hall of the
complex was dedicated to two persons worshipped at the time, Feng Chou
Fu and Min Zi Qian. The two side halls were dedicated to groups of 19
and 22 people famous in the period, respectively.

Later in the Ming Dynasty, the name of the complex was changed back to
Huayang Palace and dedicated to the God of the Four Seasons
.

During the and Dynasties,
temples dedicated to the god Bi Xia and the three gods of heaven, earth, and water
were added. Part of the Huayang Palace is
the Taishan Resting Palace , it was
used by the emperor as a resting place on his way to Mount Tai.
The grounds of Huayang Palace cover a rectangular area of
approximately 3 hectares, which is completely enclosed by a
stone-and-brick wall. Between the temple buildings stand old pine
trees as well as stone stelas.

In the 20th century, the Huayang Palace was used as a military storage
facility for about 50 years. It was reopened to the public in
1990. The books kept in the palace were destroyed during the
Cultural Revolution. Some wall paintings in the temple buildings
were also plastered over and covered with slogans of the Cultural
Revolution during this time.

The present-day entrance to the complex is the gate to the inner
courtyard of the palace; the outer courtyard has not been
preserved. The gate currently standing dates back to the Ming and Qing
Dynasties; there is no record about the previous gates which are
likely to have previously occupied its place. The gate building houses
the statues of the "Four Zhi Gong Cao" , four minor deities that are thought to be positioned on the border between heaven
and earth in order to fulfill book- and gate keeping duties.

Further up on the slope of the mountain lies the smaller
Lü Dongbin Temple ,
dedicated to Lü Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals.

Hua Spring

A spring, the Hua Spring , is located at the
southern foot of the hill in front of the entrance to the Huayang
Palace. The Hua Spring mentioned in the traditions about the
events at the Battle of An: The King of Qi is said to have used the
pretense of fetching water from the Hua Spring as an excuse for
fleeing the battle field in the face of imminent defeat. Over time,
the spring has fallen dry various times. Its most recent revival was
undertaken during a renovation in the year 2000. During this work, a
pool with an area of 17.6 meters times 10 meters and depth
of 3.5 meters was excavated, bringing the outflow from the spring
up to a maximum of 40 cubic meters per hour .

Protection and development

Huayang Palace became a Jinan City Heritage site on September 3rd,
1979. The Huashan landscape area intended to protect its surroundings
was opened on October 1st, 2000.

Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant

2008-10-10T22:45:00.009-07:00

Two units at the Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant are under construction in the Shandong province, China. It is planned to go online in 2014 and will be the second site to house AP1000 units after the Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant. Groundbreaking happened one month ahead of schedule on July 30, 2008.

Culture of Weifang

2008-10-10T22:45:00.007-07:00

Kite-flying is a traditional custom among the people in Weifang in spring. It is the outstanding handicraft skills of kites produced in Weifang, as well as the special atmosphere which is quite suitable for flying kites that make Weifang Kites more and more popular not only in China but also in the other countries.

In 1984, the first International Kite Festival was held in Weifang. More than ten thousand kite fans attended the opening ceremony. People from eleven different countries and regions, including the United States, Canada and so on, took part in the festival and performed flying kites. Since then, Weifang holds the International Kite Festival every year in April and is well-known as the “International Kite Capital” all over the world.

Annual Broad of Yangjiabu , which is one of the three most famous Chinese folk paintings in history, began from the end of the Ming Dynasty. It reached the peak of its development during the Qing Dynasty. People usually replace the old Annual Broads with the new ones on the eve of Spring Festival, which is the most important festival in China, in order to give blessings to the family and friends for the following year. The subjects of Annual Broad of Yangjiabu are various, which include flowers, beauties, landscapes, characters from myths and legends. The architecture skills such as concise lines and bright colors reflect the distinctive characteristics of people in Weifang.

Paper cutting in Gaomi has a long history for more than four hundred years. Mostly, women are good at paper cutting. This widely spread handicraft has the unique style, such as strong contrast in color, straight and simple line and exaggerated outline. The characters mostly come from the drama stories, flowers and birds, as well as some fantastic symbols.

Black Tiger Spring

2008-10-10T22:45:00.005-07:00

The Black Tiger Spring
is a culturally
significant karst spring located in
the city of Jinan, Shandong ,
China. The spring is ranked as the second most significant among
the 72 named springs in Jinan . The water
of spring stems from moderately-deep circulation and emerges from a water-filled limestone cave in a
steep cliff. From the mouth of the cave, the water is funneled to flow
out of the mouths of three ornamental stone-carved tiger heads into a
square-shaped spring pool. From there it runs into the old city moat,
next to which the spring is located. According to the tradition, there
was a black rock lying in front of the cave in ancient time. The name of the spring is
said to be derived from the shape and color of the rock, which
resembled a black tiger, and the sound of the water gushing past the
rock being reminiscent of the roar of a tiger. The ancient layout of
the spring is described in a poem by the Ming Dynasty poet, Yan
Bizeng.

Location

The Black Tiger Spring is located on the south bank of the old city
moat, close to the southeastern corner of the moat. A bit to the east,
on the opposite site of the moat stands the Liberation Pavilion that
commemorates the arrival of the victorious People's Liberation Army in Jinan.

Baotu Spring

2008-10-10T22:45:00.003-07:00

The Baotu Spring is a culturally significant karst spring located in the city of Jinan, Shandong , China. It is
mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Annals, one of the Five Classics of Chinese literature and was declared the "Number One Spring under the Heaven"
by the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qian Long.

Spring

The Baotu Spring is the most renown among the more than 70 named
artesian springs in the downtown area of the city of Jinan. The water
of all these springs originates from an Ordovician
karst aquifer under the city. As the terrain around Jinan slopes from
the south down to the north, the recharge are for the aquifer is
located in the mountainous area to the south of the city. The recharge
area of the springs covers 1,500 square kilometers, out of which 550
km2 provide direct recharge and 950 km2 indirect recharge.

Altogether, the springs fed by the aquifer have a discharge of about
300,000-350,000 cubic meters per day . Since the
1970s, the springs have stopped flowing several time because too much
water has been taken out from the aquifer for human consumption .

Baotu Spring is part of a cluster of about 20 named springs. Age
estimates of its water suggest that the water from this spring
originates from shallow circulation .

The spring pool of the Baotu spring is fed by an underwater limestone
water through three outlets, the volume of the water coming out of the
spring can reach peak values up to 1.6 cubic meters per second . The water jets from the spring are said to have reached highs up to 26 meters. The water temperature remains constant of 18 degree Celsius through the entire
year.

History

The existence of the Baotu Spring has been dated back more than 3,500
years to the times of the Shang Dynasty. The spring is
mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Annals, the official chronicle
of the ancient State of Lu and one of the Five Classics of
Chinese literature. The Baotu Spring is also described in the Suijing Zhu
compiled by the geographer Li Daoyuan during the time of the
Northern Wei Dynasty. He writes that "spring gushes up, water
gushing like wheel".
During the time of Li Daoyuan, the Baotu Spring and adjacent springs formed the source of
the ancient Luo River.
The present-day name of the spring refers to the gushing up of the water. It dates back to the Song Dynasty;
previously the spring had been known under different names such as
"Baoliu" and "Lanquan".

The area of the Baotu Spring as well as some neighboring springs such
as the Jinxian Spring , the Huanghua
Spring , the Mapao Spring
, the Shiwan Spring
, Zhanlu Spring
, and the Manjing Spring
are protected by a public park
. The park was created in 1956
and covers now about 10.5 hectare.

Architecture

The spring water feeds into a rectangular spring pool that extends 30
meters from east to west and 18 meters from north to south. The spring
pool is surrounded by historical structures such as the Leyuan Hall
, the Guanlan Pavilion
, and the Laihe Bridge . Closeby, on the shore of the spring's runoff stands the Wangheting Teahouse. Other noteworthy structures are the Banbi Corridor and the Waterside Chamber. The largest architectural ensemble is the 10,000 Bamboo Garden. It comprises 186 buildings arranged around 13 courtyards as well as four pavilions and five bridges. Orginially built during the Yuan Dynasty, it served as the home to a famous poet. In 1912, Zhang Hauizhi, a commander of the local army who later becme governor of Shandong Province bought the garden and kept enlarging it from 1912 to 1927. Other gardens within the park are the Whanzhu Garden, the Cang Garden , the Luoyuan Garden, the Hundred Flowers Garden, and the Memorial Garden.

Culture

Baotu Spring has been a recurring subject of classic Chinese
literature and has been written about by authors such as Zeng Gong
, Zhao Mengfu , and Pu Songling . The spring was visited by the emperors Kang Xi and Qian Long who left inscriptions at the
site. Qian Long conferred on it the honorary title "First Spring under
the Heaven" .

The Baotu Spring public park also houses memorials to the local painters
Li Kuchan and Wang Xuetao as well as
to the poet Li Qingzhao. The latter has a memorial hall set in a traditional
courtyard dedicated to her.

The Baotu Spring is the site of an annual lantern festival , and a chrysanthemum show .

A local beer brand
is named after the spring and said to be brewed with water from the
spring.

Location

The Baotu Spring is located right to the southwest of the city center of Jinan, on the outer side of the old city moat and near the west end of Quancheng Road ; its street address is Baotu Spring South Road 1 , Jinan, Shandong.

Attached Senior School of Shandong Normal University

2008-10-10T22:45:00.001-07:00

The Attached Senior School of Shandong Normal University , or simply Shangshi Fuzhong is a high school in Jinan City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.

The school was founded in 1950 as Shandong Province Industry and Agricultural Intensive Senior School and in 1955 became the Attached Senior School of Shandong Normal College .

The School is a normalized key high schools in Shandong Province.

2007 Shandong coal mine flood

2008-10-10T22:35:00.000-07:00

The 2007 Shandong coal mine flood was an incident that occurred on August 28, 2007 in Xintai Shandong, People's Republic of China, when heavy rain caused a river to burst a levee creating a flood into two mine shafts. By 8:50 am , the mine was inundated underwater.

The Huayuan mine was flooded with an estimated 12 million cubic metres of water. If all six available pumps were used around the clock they could pump out about 120,000 cubic metres of water a day. But only four were operational. Unofficially, experts say that it would take almost 100 days to drain the water inside the mine.

Aftermath

An official at China.com.cn discussed the fact that signs of flooding had appeared in advance prior to the incident, and that the "disaster was completely avoidable."